One of the starkest examples of the Ottoman Empire’s new modernity was the fabrics and carpet model factory founded at Hereke in 1842. This study focuses on the evolving conditions and social developments that took place over seventy-two years of production at Hereke, and discuss that the factory represented a microcosm of the Empire’s wider industrial labor history. Hereke was used as a lens through which to explore a range of themes that, taken together, highlight the lifestyles of the early Ottoman workforce and its industrial relations: labor management, industrial action, child labor, class, gender, housing, education, clothing fashion, the uses of industry, and multiculturalism. Special emphasis is placed on three main aspects of this campus. First, the issue of housing, as Hereke represents one of the first factory campuses in Europe to adopt a model of providing custom-built housing for its workers. Second, child labor and education, since the plant not only took in orphans and provided employment to local children and the children of factory employees, but also included a school with a training and education program. Third, the plant’s architectural history, which represents a crucial indicator of the overall working conditions at the factory and the degree of structural inequality that existed between different plant employees and functionaries.
Künye
Kitabın Adı: |
Crafting an Empire: The Hereke Factory Campus (1842-1914) |
Yazan: |
|
Dizi Adı: |
History: 475 |
Yayın Yılı: |
2023 |
Sayfa: |
269 |
Ebat: |
13,5 x 21 cm. |
Kağıt: |
Enzo 70 gr. |
Kapak: |
Cevdet Mehmet Kösemen |
Cilt/Kapak: |
250 gr. Mat, Amerikan Bristol, 4 renk |
ISBN/Barkod: |
9786258472592 |
İÇİNDEKİLER
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... 9
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ 11
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................... 15
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Overview and Objectives ............................................................................................. 19
1.2 Discussion on Ottoman History .................................................................................. 21
1.3 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 22
1.4 Literature Review ......................................................................................................... 31
2
MANAGEMENT OF THE LAND
2.1 Silk Landscapes: (1842-1878) ...................................................................................... 35
...... 2.1.1 The Foundation and Geolocation ...................................................................... 40
...... 2.1.2 Machines and Workshops .................................................................................... 43
...... 2.1.3 The Train Arrives at Hereke Imperial Factory .................................................. 51
2.2 Woolen Landscapes (1878-1914) ................................................................................ 52
...... 2.2.1 The Great Fire, the Great Expansion, and Great Mechanization (1878-1914) 55
...... 2.2.2 Monsieur Martel’s Project .................................................................................. 57
...... 2.2.3 Expansion of the Factory .................................................................................... 63
2.3 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 76
3
MANAGEMENT OF LABOR
3.1 .................................................................................. Lodging the Workers (1843-1878) 81
...... 3.1.1 Dormitories .......................................................................................................... 81
...... 3.1.2 Housing for the Workers ..................................................................................... 88
...... 3.1.3 Housing for the Officials ..................................................................................... 93
...... 3.1.4 Profiling the Workers ......................................................................................... 98
3.2 Social Infrastructures, Shops, and Recreational Facilities ................................. 109
...... 3.2.1 Religion, Health and Education ....................................................................... 119
...... 3.2.1.1 Religious Buildings ............................................................................. 119
...... 3.2.1.2 Hospital ................................................................................................. 121
3.3 The Rewards System (taltif) and Ceremonies ....................................................... 125
...... 3.3.1 Imperial Visits and Influences ......................................................................... 130
...... 3.3.2 Social Security and Charity for Pensioners ................................................... 140
3.4 Outburst Management Policy: the Strike ............................................................ 142
3.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 145
4
MANAGEMENT OF THE SCHOOL
4.1 Vocational Education ................................................................................................ 149
...... 4.1.1 Emergence of Industrial Schools ..................................................................... 149
...... 4.1.2 The Vocational Training in Hereke Factory and Crafting an Empire .......... 159
4.2 Formal Training ......................................................................................................... 163
4.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 172
5
ARTISTIC PRODUCTION
5.1 Hereke’s Drawing Office: An Artistic Niche ....................................................... 173
...... 5.1.1 Reproducing European Styles ......................................................................... 176
...... 5.1.2 Looking at the Modern ..................................................................................... 180
...... 5.1.3 Looking at the Orient ....................................................................................... 182
...... 5.1.4 In Search of an Imperial Identity .................................................................... 186
...... 5.1.4.1 In Search of the Indigenous ................................................................ 186
...... 5.1.4.2 In Search of the Apex Point ................................................................ 188
5.1.4.3 Creating the Ottoman Identity and the Book Usul-i Mimari-i
Osmani at the Factory Library ............................................................ 197
...... 5.1.5 Imitating Nature and a Paradisiacal Garden for the Empire ..................... 202
5.2 Weaving the “Monumental” ................................................................................... 208
5.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 212
6
CONCLUSION .................................................... 215
APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................... 221
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................ 249
INDEX .................................................................................................................................. 259
