The book discusses the extensive evangelical, educational, medical and philanthropic activities of three Protestant missionary organizations in Jewish society in Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century up to the First World War. The study concentrates on the three large Jewish communities of Istanbul, Salonika and Izmir. It covers many aspects of Jewish life, such as the legal and social status of Jews in Ottoman Empire, the traditional and modern education, intra-communal bitter disputes, the process of secularization, class affiliation, family life and status of women. The focus of the research is on the missionaries’ achievements and failure. Leah Bornstein Makovetsky emphasizes the Jewish communities response to the missionaries' various activities and examines the ways in which the Jewish leadership fought against any Christian influence on Jewish society in the course of decades in which far-reaching political, social and religious changes have taken place both in the Ottoman Empire and in Ottoman Jewish society. The book shows that protestant missionaries arrived in the Ottoman Empire with firm convictions and grandiose plans, and foremost to lead to conversion of many Jews. At the same time the research considers the question of whether the Protestant mission had any real chance of success in its work among the Jews of Istanbul, Salonika and Izmir. The data and most of the information cited in the book are drawn largely from missionary reports and journals, and from Jewish sources, especially Responsa literature and Jewish Journals.
Künye
Kitabın Adı: |
Protestant Missionaries to the Jewish Communities of Istanbul, Salonika and Izmir 1820-1914 |
Yazar: |
|
Dizi Adı: |
History: 333 |
Yayın Yılı: |
2019 |
Sayfa: |
386 |
Ebat: |
13.5 x 21 cm. |
Kağıt: |
Enzo 70 gr |
Kapak: |
Cevdet Mehmet Kösemen |
Cilt/Kapak: |
250 gr. Mat, Amerikan Bristol, 4 renk |
ISBN/Barkod: |
978-605-7884-59-6 |
İçindekiler
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
ACTIVITY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONARY ORGANIZATIONS IN JEWISH SOCIETY IN ISTANBUL, SALONIKA AND IZMIR
Background: Protestant Missionary Organizations and Theological expectations
The Ottoman Empire in Transition and Crisis: 1830-1914
The Ottoman Authorities' Attitude to Missionary Activism
Jewish Attitudes toward the Missionaries; Missionary Hopes, Achievements and Failures
Missionaries who operated in the Jewish community of Istanbul
Missionaries who operated in the Jewish community in Salonika
The missionaries in Izmir
The missionaries in Edirne
Demographic Data, Social Stratification, Economic and spiritual Aspects of the Communities
The Jewish Community of Istanbul
The Jewish Community of Salonika
The Jewish Community of Izmir
The Jewish Community of Edirne
Secularizing Tendencies in the Communities
Funding for Activism and Salaries
Missionary Tactics
CHAPTER 2
JEWISH CONVERSION TO PROTESTANTISM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE COMMUNITIES OF ISTANBUL AND IZMIR UNTIL 1856
Introduction
Ottoman authorities' opposition to conversion to Protestant Christianity
Requiring Baptized Jews to Convert to Islam
The Motives and the Social and Economic Status of Converts to Christianity and Those Given Christian Religious Instruction
Steps Taken against Jewish Conversion to Christianity in the 1820-30s
Baptisms in Istanbul
Extent of the Conversion to Christianity in Izmir
Apprehensiveness about Mass Conversion to Christianity in Izmir
The Attitude of the Jewish Community to the Converts: Excommunication Bans, Corporal Punishment and Imprisonment
The Magnitude of the Christianization Achieved by the Protestant Missionary Societies
Repentance for the Baptized and Their Observance of the Precepts of Judaism
Conclusions
CHAPTER 3
JEWISH CONVERSION TO PROTESTANTISM 1856-1914
Introduction
Ottoman Authorities' Opposition to Conversion to Protestant Christianity
Requiring Baptized Jews to Convert to Islam
The Motives and the Social and Economic Status of Converts and Those Given Religious Instruction
The opposition of the Jewish community to Converts to Christianity and its Expressions of Punishment
Apprehensiveness about Mass Conversion to Christianity in Izmir
Conversion Candidates Meeting with Rabbis
The Magnitude of the Christianization Achieved by the Protestant Missionary Societies
The Extent of Christian Conversion Achieved by Missionary Societies in Istanbul
Baptisms by the London Society in Istanbul
Baptisms by the Scottish Missionaries in Istanbul
Magnitude of the Conversion to Christianity in Salonika
Extent of the Conversion to Christianity in Izmir
Baptisms at the London Mission in Izmir
Baptisms at the Scottish Mission in Izmir
Baptisms by the London Mission in Edirne
The Problems Caused by Religious Conversion within the Family
Conclusions
CHAPTER 4
EVANGELISM
Introduction
Spreading Christian Teaching by Means of the Written Word
Schauffler’s Translations of Psalms, the Bible, and the Pentateuch into Ladino – and the Jews’ Response
Ladino Dictionary
Editions of the Ladino Bible by the London Mission and the American and the British Bible Societies’ Activism
Christie’s Ladino Translation of the Bible
Printing of the Bible and the New Testament in Ladino by the Castro Family
The Yiddish Translation of the Bible
Jewish Community Feeling about Christian Printings of the Bible
Missionary Printing Used by Jews
Dissemination of The Old Paths
Book Distributors and the Distribution of Christian Religious Literature
A Bookshop and Book Warehouses
Distribution of Theological Literature
Jewish Opposition to Book Distribution
Mutual Visits, Meetings and Travel, and the Jewish Response
The Mission House in Istanbul, Izmir and Salonika and the Jewish Struggle against Jews’ Participation in Its Ceremonies
Instruction, Classes for Mothers, and Ladies of the Bible
Preaching at the Medical Facility and the Protestant Hospital
Evening Classes, Bible Classes, and Sabbath Lessons at the London and the Scottish Missions
Theological Preaching at the Yeshiva
Evangelism, Education, and Secularization
Meetings between Rabbis and Baptized Missionaries
Activism among the Karaites in Istanbul
Conclusions
CHAPTER 5
THE PROTESTANT SCHOOLS FOR THE JEWS: ACHIEVEMENTS AND FAILURES
Introduction
Missionary Societies' Motives in Education and Their Attitude to Traditional Jewish Schooling
Missionary Schools for the Jews and Jewish struggle against them
American Missionary Schools
London Missionary Schools
Scottish Missionary Schools
Girls' Homes in Istanbul
Background to the registration of Jewish children in Protestant schools
Modern Jewish Schools Founded as a Reaction against Missionary Schools and Missionary Societies' Attitude to the New Jewish Schools
Motifs and Values in Textbooks Used in Christian and Jewish Schools
Conclusions
CHAPTER 6
PHILANTHROPY
Distribution among needy Jews
Assistance in Istanbul at Times of Fires
Assistance at Times of Epidemics in Istanbul
Relief in Izmir in Times of Epidemics, Fires, and Earthquakes
Assistance in Combating Blood Libels in Istanbul, Salonika, and Izmir
Relief for the Poor and for Refugees Following Wars
Conclusions
CHAPTER 7
THE PROTESTANT MEDICAL MISSION IN ISTANBUL AND IZMIR
Introduction
Study of Medicine and Medical Services in Istanbul
Missionary Assistance at Times of Epidemics
Founding Clinics Sponsored by Missionary Societies in Istanbul
Jewish Hospital in Istanbul
Medical Missionary Clinics in Izmir
The Jewish Hospital in Izmir
The Missionary Society Hospital
Beaconsfield Hospital
The Struggle of the Jews against the Medical Mission
Conclusions
CONCLUSIONS
APPENDICES
ALBUM
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
