This study is about market gardens and their gardeners, which were a distinctive part of Ottoman Istanbul until recently. It draws on first and second-hand sources to examine the locations, physical features, and property structures of market gardens together with those who worked in there and how they were organized. Moreover, the study reveals the role and importance of market gardens in the provisioning of the city.

Based on archival material, the study describes the urban fabric, the labor structure, and migration with help of visualdata. Although the market gardens of Istanbul played an important role in the provisioning of the city, shaped its urban landscape, and provided job opportunities for migrant laborers, they have not received the attention they deserve in Ottoman studies. The foremost goal of the study is to comprehensively document and compile the rich multi-faceted historical data. Another aim is to test two assumptions in the literature on Ottoman history against the historical data, namely, that Istanbul was a “city of consumption,” and that there was essentially a fixed, ethno-religious division of labor in the Empire

Künye

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

THE LITERATURE, METHOD, AND THE FOCUS OF THE STUDY

Urban Agriculture and Urban-Rural Linkages

Ambiguity of the Urban and the Rural

Urban Agriculture in History

Provisioning the Ottoman Capital

Migrant Workers and Ethno-Religious Division of Labor in the Ottoman Empire

Methodology of the Study

HISTORICAL INHERITANCE

Urban Agriculture in Byzantine Constantinople

After the Fall of Constantinople

ISTANBUL'S MARKET GARDENS AND THEIR GARDENERS: BETWEEN THE SEVENTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES

Market Gardens of the City

Portrait of A Market Garden

The Market Gardens According to Locations and Sizes

Possession of Market Gardens

Women Garden Owners

Private Gardens of the Sultans (Hasbahçe)

Gardeners of the City

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

APPENDİXES

Appendix A: Location of Gardens According to Landmarks in 1712, inside the City Walls

Appendix B: Plan de Constantinople 1895

Appendix C: Plan d'ensemble de la ville de Constantinople, 1920

Appendix D: Market Gardens of Istanbul prepared by Reşat Ekrem Koçu

Appendix E: Hometowns of Gardeners Working in Üsküdar in 1637

Appendix F: Hometowns of Gardeners Working inside the City Walls in 1712

Appendix G: Hometowns of Gardeners Working outside the City Walls

Appendix H: Hometowns of Gardeners Working outside the City Walls (from Yedikule to Eyüp) in 1793

Appendix I: Hometowns of Gardeners Working inside the City Walls in 1827

Appendix J: Hometowns of Gardeners Working in Eyüp-Hasköy-Sütlüce in (?)