The study of ijāzah tradition, its history and its impact is somehow neglected by both Muslim and non-Muslim researchers and scholars alike. This significantly unique tradition of the Muslim educational system has a long history as it emerged and developed parallel to Islamic education itself, and was in practice for more than a millennium. However, after adapting the new educational system during the late 19th century and throughout 20th century until the present, the tradition of granting ijāzah drastically began to decline and to extent became a part of history as it was practised among countable scholars, who express their will to keep this distinctive Muslim tradition alive. During the 3rd century of Hijrah/9th century of C.E., this tradition had a strong impact to the higher learning institutions of Europe, where it is believed that granting diploma/license was the product of the Muslim tradition ofijāzah, but in terms of the form and content the former differed completely from the latter. Besides the central regions of the Muslim world, the ijāzah system appeared and practised extensively in the periphery, where this can be clearly seen in the regions of Southeast Asia and Southeast Europe. Though modern-day diploma replaced ijāzah, this practice is still alive in certain parts of these regions; however, it is not recognised “officially” by the government higher learning institutions. Up to this moment, this research managed to interview and discuss with number of ‘ulamā who have been granted ijāzah from their preceding scholars from various countries of the Balkans.

Künye

ABBREVIATIONS

FOREWORD

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION

CHAPTER TWO

IJĀZAH AS A UNIQUE TRADITION IN THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION

The Meaning of Ijāzah

The Tradition of Ijāzah in the Muslim World and Its Significance

The Examinations

The Age of Students for Granting Ijāzah

The Ijāzah: Personal Act of Authorization

Types of Ijāzah

The significance of Ijāzah

The Genres of Ijāzah

The Structure and Content of the Ijāzahs

Main Differences Between Ijāzah and Certificate/Diploma

CHAPTER THREE

OTTOMAN EDUCATION IN THE BALKANS WITH REFERENCE TO IJĀZAH

Language

Arrangement, Structure and Content

The introductory part

The main text

The colophon

CHAPTER FOUR

THE OTTOMAN BALKAN EDUCATION VIS-Á-VIS THE MAJOR PARTS OF THE MUSLIM WORLD: A BRIEF COMPARISON BASED ON IJĀZAH TRADITION

Arabian Case

Persian Case

Anatolian Cases

CHAPTER FIVE

INSTEAD OF CONCLUSION

APPENDİX

In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX