By the second half of the nineteenth century Istanbul had become an important social and political environment for many Iranian activists and politicians who had been exiled from Iran. This community formed a highly active opposition base involved in Iranian politics from abroad. Although a certain amount of background material can be found in the literature concerning this community, no significant work has yet been carried out on its impact on political, social and literary reform in Iran. The publication of Akhtar from Istanbul is but one of the many agents of change that was a product of the Iranian colony in Istanbul. The present work is a preliminary investigation of the Iranian community of Istanbul in the late nineteenth century as studied through the lens of the offices of Persian-language newspaper Akhtar.

Künye

İçindekiler

Acknowledgement

a Note on Transliteration

Preface

CHAPTER I

Observations on the Iranian Community of the Empire in the Late Nineteenth Century

CHAPTER II

New Beginnings: The Establishment of the First Persian Newspaper in Istanbul: Akhtar

CHAPTER III

The Egyptian ‘Crisis' and its Documentation in Akhtar (1881-1882)

CHAPTER IV

Voices from Iran: Letters to the Editor and SOME Reflections on Nineteenth Century Iran

CHAPTER V

In lieu of a Conclusion: CONCLUDINg Remarks

Appendix A:

Original Persian Texts as Quoted from Akhtar

Appendix B:

An Issue of Akhtar

Bibliography

INDEX